The Impact of the Zangezur Corridor on Georgia’s Transit Function in the South Caucasus Region

Abstract

Ongoing geopolitical and infrastructural transformations in the South Caucasus significantly shape the economic, political, and security landscape of the region. At the center of current debates lies the Zangezur Corridor, envisioned to establish a transport connection between Azerbaijan and Turkey, which has the potential to fundamentally alter existing transit dynamics. For Georgia, which for decades has served as the primary transit hub of the region, the operationalization of this corridor represents both a challenge and an opportunity.

The article aims to analyze the impact of the Zangezur Corridor on Georgia’s transit role, contrasting existing routes with the newly emerging transport network, and assessing the extent to which Georgia’s economic and geopolitical position may be diminished or reinforced. The study draws on theoretical frameworks of regional security, economic integration, and energy diplomacy, while also relying on empirical data regarding ongoing transport projects across the region.

Findings suggest that although the Zangezur Corridor may reduce Georgia’s monopolistic position in terms of transit functions, the country’s strategic importance will not be fully undermined. On the contrary, Georgia retains the potential to strengthen its role as a diversified transport and logistics hub, particularly if it manages to attract infrastructure investments, deepen cooperation with Western partners, and stabilize its internal political and economic environment.

Thus, the article underlines that the Zangezur Corridor may become not only a source of competition for Georgia but also an opportunity that encourages the country to pursue new strategic initiatives.